民国时期北京五金商铺学徒制

An Overview on the Apprenticeship of Beijing Hardware Shops in the Republic of China

学徒制是商铺内部劳动组织的基础。北京五金业虽是新兴行业,出现一些新兴行业的学徒制特色,但仍多沿袭传统行业学徒制的一般规定。五金商铺学徒籍贯多集中于河北枣强县及其周边县,即当时冀州所辖县区。学徒一般皆上过学,有一定文化功底,十五六岁的孩子当学徒为最佳年龄。学徒一般出身中农以上家庭,其日常工作比较繁杂,无工资,到春节有馈送。学徒制利于商铺节省管理成本、培养与储备管理人才。

Apprenticeship was the foundation of labor organization in the shops. Although Beijing hardware industry was a new industry, having some characteristics of apprenticeship in emerging industries,it still mostly follow ed the general rules of apprenticeship in traditional industries. This article mainly discusses the selection criteria,the proportion,the wage of apprentices,and their positive and negative effects on the shops. It points out the characteristics of their inheritance and innovation,enriching and deepening the understanding of apprenticeship,and providing reference in achieving a successful career for a large number of today’s farmers.