咸海的过去、现在与未来

The Past,Present and Feature of the Aral Sea

咸海曾经是世界第四大湖,如今缩小到原来面积的约1/10。咸海究竟如何形成,又经历了怎样的演变过程及其形成机制等,一直是人们关注的问题。咸海水系(阿姆河和锡尔河流域)是青藏高原的隆升,新特提斯海的退却以及新生代全球气候变冷与海平面下降等区域和全球要素共同作用下,构成的一个完整的以青藏高原为中心的亚洲水塔体系的主要组成部分。咸海水系,从形成至大约20世纪中叶,湖泊面积与水文格局大致保持一个相对稳定的状态,只是20世纪下半叶以来,经历了大规模掠夺式的水资源开发和利用,造成了咸海危机。

The Aral Sea was once the 4 th largest lake in the world and shrank to about 10%nowadays,because of far from the world’s major oceans and the fragile hydrological system.Several questions are urgent to be answered,namely,how the Aral Sea formatted,what it has undergone,and what’s the evolution mechanism,which have always been a concern of related scientists all around the world.The Aral Sea basin(the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya),a main component of the complete Asian water tower system centered on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which came into being after uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the retreat of the Neo-Tethys Sea,and under the impact of regional and global factors such as the global climate cooling and sea level decline.The Aral Sea system has maintained a relatively stable level in water surface area and hydrology pattern from the formation to the middle of the last century.It has only experienced extensive exploitation and utilization of water resources,resulting in the shrinking surface water area,the increasing exposed dry lake bed and frequent salt dust storms in the context of climate change from the second half of the 20 th century,which have caused the crisis in the Aral Sea basin.