2013—2014年河南省新鲜蔬菜中重金属污染状况调查

Investigation on Heavy M etal Pollution in the Fresh Vegetables in Henan Province from 2013 to 2014

目的了解河南省9大类蔬菜中铅、镉、总汞和总砷的污染状况。方法 2013—2014年在河南省18省辖市分层随机抽取114个监测点采集9大类2 572份蔬菜样品,采用国家标准方法检测样品中铅、镉、总汞和总砷含量,按GB2762-2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》统计超标情况;利用单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价不同类蔬菜中铅、镉、总汞和总砷的污染程度。结果铅、镉、总汞、总砷四种重金属在蔬菜中的超标率分别为3.73%(92/2 466)、1.34%(34/2 534)、3.29%(82/2 490)、0.28%(7/2 496),检测平均值分别为0.036、0.012、0.002 7和0.031 mg/kg;铅污染的主要蔬菜品种为鳞茎类蔬菜中的韭菜和茎类蔬菜中的芹菜,超标率分别为13.60%、13.30%;镉污染的主要蔬菜品种为鳞茎类蔬菜中的韭菜和茄果类蔬菜中的茄子,超标率分别为6.50%、6.12%;各类蔬菜中单项污染指数和综合污染指数均小于0.7。结论河南省蔬菜中重金属污染程度总体较轻,但部分种类蔬菜中铅、镉的污染需重点关注,并继续加强监测,有针对性地对重点品种进行监管和控制。

Objective To know the pollutions of lead,cadmium,total mercury and total arsenic in 9 kinds of vegetables in Henan Province.Methods 2 572 pieces of vegetable samples in 9 categories in 114 monitoring points in 18 provincial cities in Henan Province from 2013 to 2014 were randomly extracted,and the contents of lead,cadmium,total mercury and total arsenic in samples were tested by the national standard method,and the OOS was counted according to GB 2762-2017 National Food Safety Standard Contaminant Limit in Food,and the pollution degree of lead,cadmium,total mercury and total arsenic in different kinds of vegetables were evaluated by the single factor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index.Results The over-standard rate of lead,cadmium,total mercury and total arsenic in vegetables were respectively 3.73%(92/2 466),1.34%(34/2 534),3.29%(82/2 490),0.28%(7/2 496),and the average test values were respectively 0.036,0.012,0.002 7,0.031 mg/kg,and the major vegetables with lead pollution were leek and celery,and the over-standard rates were respectively 13.60%,13.30%,and the major vegetables with cadmium pollution were leek and eggplant,and the over-standard rates were respectively 6.50%,6.12%,and the single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index of various kinds of vegetables were less than 0.7.Conclusion The total pollution degree of heavy metal in vegetables in Henan Province is mild,but we should still attach great importance to the pollution of lead and cadmium in some kinds of vegetables,and continue to enhance monitoring,and pointedly monitor and control the key varieties.