比例原则在行政诉讼中的适用——以28个典型案例为分析对象

The Application of Proportion Principle in Administrative Litigation:With 28 Typical Cases as the Analysis Object

我国是成文法国家,在行政诉讼中法院一般都要依据具体的法律规则进行裁判。为了彻底解决行政争议,法院不仅可以利用比例原则进行充分的说理,还可以直接依据比例原则的内容进行裁判。法院在适用适当性原则时,可以从实体和程序两方面审查行政行为。在实体方面,行政主体选择的行政行为要有助于其目的的实现;在程序方面,行政主体选择的行政程序要有助于实现其行政行为。法院在适用必要性原则时,在行政主体拥有多种行为方式时,要尊重行政主体的首次判断权,一般不适用变更判决;在行政主体的某一具体行为不符合必要性原则达到明显不当时,法院可以适用变更判决。法院在利用均衡性原则进行司法审查时一般拥有较大的司法裁量权,必要时可以利用司法裁量权代替行政裁量权。为了充分限制行政裁量权和司法裁量权,将来比例原则的内容应该更多地体现在法律规定当中,实现法律原则的规则化。

China is a civil law country, and in the administrative proceedings the courts generally have to be based on specific rules of law for referees.In order to completely solve administrative disputes, the court can not only make full use of the principle of proportionality but also directly adjudicate on the basis of the principle of proportionality.When applying the principle of due diligence, the court may review administrative acts both in substantive and procedural terms.In terms of the entity, the administrative action chosen by the administrative body should be helpful for the realization of its purpose.On the procedural aspect, the administrative procedure chosen by the administrative body should be helpful to realize its administrative action.When applying the principle of necessity, the court should respect the first judgment power of the administrative body when the administrative body has a variety of ways of behavior, and generally do not apply the judgment of change.When a specific act of the administrative body does not meet the necessity principle to show fairness, The court may apply to change the decision.The courts generally have greater judicial discretion in using the principle of equalization for judicial review, and may use judicial discretion instead of administrative discretion.In order to fully restrict the power of administrative discretion and judicial discretion, in future the content of the principle of proportionality should be embodied in the laws and regulations more often and the legal principle should be regularized.