定义论及其在法典编纂中的应用

Theory of Definition and Its Application in Codification

定义论是(语言)符号论的一部分,是确定某个语言符号之意义或者其句法结构的理论。它与概念论在诸多方面皆不相同。古典定义论提出了属加种差的"标准公式",现代定义论则在改进其缺陷的基础上发展出了更精致和具有区分度的定义理论。定义论包括定义类型理论与定义规则理论两部分。定义类型理论的基础在于区分名义定义与实际定义,立法活动涉及的主要是名义定义,它可以分为两大类五小类。定义规则理论包括基本原则与基本规则,立法定义至少要遵守两大基本原则、八项形式规则和三项实质规则。不同类型的定义和规则都可以在法典编纂活动中得到检验。

Theory of definition is a part of (linguistic) notation theory that determines the meaning of a linguistic notation or its syntactic structure. It is different from concept theory in many ways. The classical theory of definition proposes a "standard formula" that is a kind of difference, while the modern theory of definition develops a more refined and distinctive definition theory based on the improvement of its defects. The theory of definition includes two parts:theory of definition classification and theory of definition rules. The basis of theory of definition classification is to distinguish between nominal definition and actual definition. The legislative activities mainly involve nominal definition, which can be divided into two categories and five subcategories. The theory of definition rules includes basic principles and basic rules. The definition of legislation should at least comply with two basic principles, eight formal rules and three substantive rules. Different types of definitions and rules can be tested in codification activities.