流动人口的社会融入、相对剥夺与获得感研究

Social Integration, Relative Deprivation, and Sense of Gain of Floating Population

获得感是检视流动人口共享发展成果、满足生活需求与否的晴雨表。本文以获得感形塑的"主客二元基础"理论为指导,使用2014年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,探讨了当前我国流动人口获得感的城乡差分及内在机理。结果显示,总体上流动人口获得感位于中等略高水平,但其内部分布深受户籍性质影响,城-城流动人口优于乡-城流动人口。进一步发现,代表"主客二元基础"的社会融入和相对剥夺作为中介于户籍分割与流动人口获得感之间的解释机制显著有效,表现为社会融入越好、相对剥夺越低,获得感越高,且社会融入还通过相对剥夺发挥间接正效应,因而城-城流动人口的较好社会融入和较低相对剥夺有助于其建立更高获得感。基于户籍分割带来的负面影响,本文倡导包容性发展以弥合流动人口城市融入进程中的群际分化。

The sense of gain is a barometer to see whether the floating population share the fruits of development and meet the needs of life. Based on the binary basic theory of subject and object in the formation of sense of gain, this paper uses China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2014 to analyze sense of gain gap between ruralurban and urban-urban migrants and its internal mechanism. We find that floating population's sense of gain is moderately high in general, but its internal distribution is influenced by the type of household registration, and the urban-urban migrants' sense of gain is superior to rural-urban migrants. We also find that social integration and relative deprivation are effective mechanism factors for explaining the relationship between the division of household registration and floating population^ sense of gain. Those who have better social integration have lower relative deprivation, and better sense of gaining. Social integration has an indirect positive effect through relative deprivation. Therefore, comparing to rural-urban migrants, urban-urban migrants with better social integration and lower relative deprivation have better sense of gain. Based on the negative impact of the division of household registration, this article advocates inclusive development to bridge the inter group differentiation in the process of urban integration of floating population.