脱贫攻坚的“扶志”转向——兼论贫者心理困境及其改善

“Strengthening the Aspiration” of Poverty Alleviation Shift: the Psychological Dilemma of the Poor and its Improvement

作为"十三五"时期扶贫攻坚的重要战略,"精准扶贫"自提出以来已在扶贫实践中取得了重要成效。然而现实中脱贫任务的艰巨性不仅在于物质匮乏,更在于贫困人口所拥有的"等靠要"等消极心态,以及"被施舍者"的错误心理定位,难以跨越的"贫困鸿沟"由此形成并固化。政府及各社会主体如何应对贫者心理困境,使之全方位脱贫,成为亟待解决的现实性问题。聚焦脱贫攻坚中的心理困境问题,以精准扶贫中的"扶志"转向为研究基点,借助文献分析和实地访谈等手段,结合赋权增能等助贫理念,设计了贫者心理困境的改善路径,以期激发脱贫内生动力,打赢脱贫攻坚战,进而促进新时代中国特色社会主义建设事业的顺利实施。

As an important strategy of poverty alleviation in the 13th Five-Year Plan period,"'targeted poverty alleviation” has important success in poverty alleviation practice since it has been proposed. However, in reality, the arduousness of poverty alleviation lies not only in the lack of material resource, but also in the negative mentality of “waiting and relying idea”. As a result, the “poverty gap” that cannot be crossed is formed and solidified. How the government and social subjects deal with the psychological plight of the poor and help them out of poverty in all dimensions has become a realistic problem that needs to be solved urgently. This paper focus on the psychological dilemma in poverty alleviation, taking “strengthening the aspiration” as the research basis, using documentary method and field interviews and other means, combining such as the empowerment concepts, designing ways to resolve the poor psychological problem, in order to stimulate the endogenous motivation of getting rid of poverty, achieve poverty alleviation, and promote the well implementation of socialist construction with Chinese characteristics in the new era.