社区基金会的本土实践逻辑、治理结构及其潜在张力

The Local Practice Logic, Governance Structure and Potential Tension of Community Foundation

本文基于对上海市社区基金会的调查剖析了行政驱动逻辑下社区基金会的成立机制、治理结构以及存在的潜在张力。研究发现,在行政驱动逻辑下,本土社区基金会走出了一条从授人以渔到营造公益渔场的新型路径,在短期内建构了社区基金会的行业生态。在行政驱动过程中,社区基金会的成立和运作受外在压力机制和内在激励机制双重影响的结果,呈现冷漠旁观型、盆景摆设型、介入干预型和合作伙伴型等四种不同的形态。行政驱动导致了社区基金会治理结构存在深层次的张力,表现为虚置的理事会、无力的秘书处以及外部治理代替内部治理等现象。本研究指出需正确对待行政驱动逻辑的效应,虽在短期构建行业生态具有积极的促进作用,然而其潜在的威胁亦不可忽视。因此,政府部门应该以培育社会创新主体、营造社会氛围和提供外部支持等多种方式,积极构建合作伙伴型的关系,真正发挥社区基金会在推动社区治理中的应有价值。

Based on research at Shanghai Community Foundation, this paper analyzes the establishment, governance structure and potential tension of community foundation under the logic of administrative leadership. This study concludes that under the logic of administrative leadership, the local community foundation has embarked on a new path, from “teaching fishing” to building a public welfare “fishery”. The local community foundation also has constructed an industry ecology in a short period of time. In the process of administrative leadership, the establishment and operation of the community foundation are affected by the external pressure mechanism and the internal incentive mechanism, which presents four different forms, namely indifference,“Bonsai display”, interventionism, and partnership. Further research finds that administrative leadership leads to a deep tension in the governance structure of the community foundation. This is manifested in the virtual council, in the powerlessness of the secretariat, and in external governance replacing internal governance. This study points out that the effect of administrative leadership logic needs to be correctly treated. Although it plays a positive role in promoting industry ecology in the short term, its potential threat cannot be ignored. Therefore, government departments should actively build partnerships. In this context, they should adopt the cultivation of social innovation subjects, the creation of a sociable atmosphere, and the provision of external support. In this way, the value of community foundations in promoting community governance can be truly realized.