小儿缺铁性贫血的危险因素分析及对免疫功能的影响

Analysis of risk factors of iron deficiency anemia in children and its effect on immune function

目的分析小儿缺铁性贫血(IDA)的相关危险因素,了解疾病对患儿免疫功能的影响。方法分析我院收治的238例疑似IDA患儿的临床资料,对其中35例确诊患儿进行补铁治疗,并分析患儿IDA发生的相关影响因素,比较IDA患儿治疗前、后的免疫功能。结果单因素分析显示,添加辅食时间、喂养方式、孕期贫血、早产、母亲了解IDA知识及补充铁剂是影响IDA患儿发病的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示,添加辅食时间及早产是影响IDA患儿发病的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。补充铁剂治疗后,患儿外周血IgA、IgG、IgM、CD3+水平及CD4+/CD8+均明显升高(P<0.05)。结论添加辅食时间及早产是影响IDA患儿发病的独立危险因素,及时补充铁剂治疗能够促进患儿免疫系统恢复。

Objective To analyze the related risk factors of iron deficiency anemia(IDA) in children, and to understand the effect of disease on children’s immune function. Methods The clinical data of 238 children with suspected IDA admitted to our hospital were analyzed, 35 cases of confirmed children were treated with iron supplementation. The related factors of IDA in children were analyzed, and the levels of immune function before and after treatment were compared. Results The univariate analysis showed that the risk factors of IDA in children included supplementary feeding time, feeding pattern, anemia during pregnancy, premature delivery, mothers’ familiarity of IDA knowledge and iron supplementation(P <0.05). The multivariate Logistic analysis showed that supplementary feeding time and premature delivery were independent risk factors for IDA(P<0.05). After iron supplementation, the levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, CD3^+^ and CD4^+^/CD8^+^ in peripheral blood of 35 IDA children increased significantly(P <0.05). Conclusion Supplementary feeding time and premature delivery are the independent risk factors for IDA. Timely iron supplementation can promote the recovery of immune system in children with IDA.