官话方言屋沃烛韵的音变

The Sound Change of MC Wu 屋, Wo 沃 and Zhu 烛 Rhymes in Mordern Mandarins

本文考察官话方言屋沃烛韵与其他音类的分合关系,区分出10个读音类型。其中,扬州等江苏境内江淮官话屋韵组未与没韵组合流,有别于其他官话;南京等其他官话普遍发生了屋韵组与没韵组的合流,开封等地合流后的屋没韵组再与模韵组合流,时间可上溯至辽宋;武汉等地屋没模韵组洪音的舌齿音字又进一步裂化并与侯韵组合流了,时间可能不晚于明中叶。不过,北京、武汉、重庆诸型三等屋烛韵的演变不与一等屋沃韵同步,如北京型三等屋烛韵字与侯韵组合流,时间可上溯至辽。

This paper classifies modern Mandarins into 10 types according to the merger and separation of MC Wu 屋,Wo 沃 and Zhu 烛 with other rhymes.The separation of MC Wu 屋 rhyme from Mo 没 distinguishes Jianghuai Mandarins in Jiangsu province,e.g.Yangzhou,from other Mandarins.In other mandarins such as of Nanjing,the MC Wu 屋 rhyme merges into Mo 没.In some mandarins as of Kaifeng,the merged Wu 屋and Mo 没 in their turn merge into Mu 模 rhyme,which may be traced back to Song dynasty.In still other Mandarins as of Wuhan,the merged Wu 屋,Mo 没 and Mu 模 rhyme without medial -i- or -y- and with lingua-dental initials split and merge with MC Hou 侯 rhyme,which may have occurred no later than the middle of Ming dynasty.As a contrast,the sound change of 3^rd division of MC Wu 屋 and Zhu 烛 rhymes in Beijing,Wuhan and Chongqing Mandarins is not synchronous with that of 1^st division.For example,such a merger with Hou 侯 rhyme in Beijing Mandarin may be traced to Liao dynasty.