中国工会的职能转变:从企业利益协同到职工权益维护

The Transformation of Functions of Trade Unions in China: From the Synergy of Enterprise Interests to Protection of Employee Rights and Interests

近期伴随劳资纠纷数量的增加,中国工会的职能定位成为社会关注的焦点。基于中国劳动关系发展的最新实践,文章使用文本分析、干预效应模型和工具变量等方法,从理论和经验两个方面论证了工会的职能及其转变。研究结果表明:第一,工会确实发挥了维护职能,显著改善了职工权益;第二,工会已经发生了职能转变,不再表现为企业利益的协同者,而是实现了向劳工组织的角色回归;第三,服务于党和政府的工作重心调整,行政建制可以推动工会改变工作模式和组建方式,这是工会职能转变的原因而非障碍。因此,加强党和政府对工会组织的领导,有利于发挥工会的维护职能,进而构建和谐的劳动关系。

With the rapid increase in labor disputes, the functional orientation of China's trade unions has recently become the focus of social concern. Based on the latest practice in China's development of labor relations, this article utitlizes methods of text analysis, treatment effects and instrumental variables estimation to depict the evolution of functions of China's trade unions, from the theoretical and empirical perspective. The study shows that, firstly, trade unions have indeed played the role of maintenance and has significantly improved the rights and interests of workers. Secondly, the functions of trade unions have been transformed. Trade unions again play the role of labor organizations and are no longer synergies for corporate interests. Thirdly, in response to the changes in the focus of the Party and government, the administrative construction has become the driving force for the transformation of trade unions functions rather than the obstacles. Therefore, it is beneficial for uphold leadership of trade unions by the Party and government to give full play to the maintenance functions of trade unions and then promote the construction of a harmonious labor relationship.