论英国封闭滇缅公路的决策考量——以英国外交部档案为考察对象

Britain’s Decision of Closing Yunnan-Burma Highway——Based on Britain’s FCO Files

为了切断输入中国战略物资的国际通道,日本于1940年6月,趁英国忙于欧战,提出关闭滇缅公路的要求。关于滇缅公路事件的处理,英国先是基于自身在东亚的影响力的考虑,坚决拒绝日本的要求,并且积极谋划与美国、澳大利亚、印度等国的合作。由于多国合作计划破产,英国开始考虑对日妥协,再加上日本在军事上对英威胁愈加严重,以及美、澳对日的支持态度,最终促使英国采取了封闭滇缅公路的政策。英国关闭滇缅公路,既有自身实力原因,也有美国、苏联的因素。滇缅公路的关闭对中国抗战造成不利影响,引起中国的不满,同时,日本也未能从英国对滇缅公路的处理中得到满足。

In June 1940,Japan,when Britain was busy in Europe,proposed to close Yunnan-Burma Highway to cut off the international channel that China got strategic materials. As for dealing with this event,Britain,considering their influence in East Asia,refused Japan’s request absolutely and resort to cooperation with America,Australia,India,and other countries. However,after the cooperation failed Britain started to consider Japan’s request. As Japan military threat was more intensive,meanwhile America and Australia seemed to hold a supportive stance to that,Britain finally decided to close the highway. It is due to Britain’s situation and other factors such as America and Soviet. The closure of highway made bad effect on the War of Resistance in China. Although China was discontent Japan was not fully satisfied with it either.