高产优质文心兰新品种金辉的选育

Breeding a High-Yield Premium Oncidium, Jinhui

【目的】选育产量高、品质优、抗逆性强的文心兰切花新品种,为优化福建文心兰品种结构提供候选品种。【方法】以主栽品种南西组培移栽苗为材料,利用植物体细胞无性系变异,于花期经田间优株初选、组培扩繁及株系比较试验后,再次优株复选、分子鉴定、组培扩繁和多点试验,选育文心兰切花新品种。【结果】选育出文心兰新品种金辉,该品种在福建种植时主花期为11月至翌年1月,次主花期为5～6月;盛花期时平均假鳞茎长、假鳞茎宽、花序梗长、花序长分别为10.96、4.11、40.14、78.14 cm,分枝数11.15个,分别比对照南西显著提高了21.64%、18.10%、18.58%、29.18%和22.66%;切花产量每667 m^2达3.07万支,比对照南西显著提高了17.18%;新芽生长位置明显低于对照南西,适应性好,抗逆性强,适宜福建冬季无霜冻及具相似气候条件的地区推广种植。【结论】利用植物体细胞无性系变异从南西组培移栽苗中筛选出了高产、优质、抗逆性强的文心兰切花新品种金辉,研究证实了植物体细胞无性系变异结合组织培养技术应用于切花文心兰新品种的选育是可行的。

【Objective】A new variety of high-yield,high-resistance,premium Oncidium cutting flower was bred to expand the pool for resource diversification in Fujian.【Method】The somaclonal variation of the tissue-transplanted seedlings of Onc.Gower Ramsey was used for the breeding.After a preliminary field selection,the tissue culture was extended,and strains compared when flowering.The desirable specimens were subjected to molecular identification,culture extension and multi-point testing for further screening.【Result】The new variety,Jinhui,was thus obtained.Its primary flowering time in Fujian occurred between November and January with a secondary flowering period from May to June.It had an average pseudobulb length of 10.96 cm,pseudobulb width of 4.11 cm,peduncle length of 40.14 cm,inflorescence length of 78.14 cm and branch count of 11.15 during the blooming period,representing the increases by 21.64%,18.10%,18.58%,29.18%and 22.66%,respectively,as compared with those of control at significant difference level.Its yield on cut flowers reached 30 700/667m 2,which was a significant increase of 17.18%over control.The new shoots on a plant positioned significantly lower than did on control.Jinhui had good adaptability,strong stress resistance,and excellent applicability for cultivation in Fujian and areas of similar frost-free climate.【Conclusion】Using plant somaclonal variation of Onc.Gower Ramsey,Jinhui was a new,high-yield,high-quality and strongly resistant variety generated from the transplanted seedlings of the original plant.It demonstrated a technical feasibility of the process for selecting and breeding the cut flower.