钢轨波磨对高速车辆振动特性的影响

Influence of rail corrugation on high-speed vehicle vibration performances

为了准确研究高频激励下的车辆振动响应,综合考虑了车辆主要部件和轨道弹性振动的影响。对于车辆模型,采用刚柔耦合动力学理论来模拟车体、构架、轴箱和轮对;轨道模型包括基于Timoshenko梁模型的弹性钢轨和基于有限元理论和模态叠加法的轨道板。通过采用单一正弦函数来描述轨道波磨不平顺,分析了钢轨波磨激励对车辆系统动态响应的影响,同时调查了车速、钢轨波磨波长和波深对车辆系统振动响应的影响规律。结果表明:在钢轨波磨作用下,轮轨相互作用力和车辆系统响应均出现了周期性波动;轮轨力随着速度的增加先缓慢增加,再急剧增加,最后又保持缓慢增长趋势;钢轨波磨在一定速度下能导致构架端部和轴箱端盖发生比较严重的弹性振动;轮轨力随着钢轨波磨波深的增加而变大,随着其波长的增加而减小。

In order to analyse the vehicle vibration responses due to high frequency excitations accurately, the influences of the elastic deformation of main vehicle parts and tracks were comprehensively considered. Based on the rigid-flexible coupling dynamics theory, main components in a vehicle dynamics model such as carbody, bogie frame, axlebox and wheelset were modeled as flexible bodies. And the slab track was treated as a flexible structure system where the rails were built as two discretely supported continuous beams, and the slab was modeled using 3D solid finite element method. By using a single sine function to describe rail corrugation, its influences on vehicle dynamic responses were analyzed. Also the influences of the speed, wavelength and depth of rail corrugation on vehicle vibration behaviors were investigated. The numerical simulation results indicate that rail corrugation can result in the periodical oscillations of wheel/rail interaction forces and vehicle dynamic responses. The wheel/rail force increases slowly with the increase of speed at first, then grows sharply, but when the speed exceeds a certain value, the force has a slow increase trend again. At a certain speed the serious elastic vibrations of the bogie frame end and axlebox cover can occur due to rail corrugation. The wheel/rail force increases with the increase of the rail corrugation depth, but decreases with the increase of the rail corrugation wavelength.