中国黄羽鹌鹑胸腺发育的增龄变化

Age-related Changes in the Development of Thymus of Chinese Yellow Feather Quails

旨在研究黄羽鹌鹑胸腺的组织形态结构的发育变化,为黄羽鹌鹑生长过程中免疫程序的制定提供形态学依据。采用解剖学、组织学及电镜技术,研究从出生到第38周龄的黄羽鹌鹑胸腺的胸腺指数、组织学结构及超微结构的发育变化。结果表明,出生到4周龄,胸腺的质量、指数、长径和宽径均呈上升趋势,且在第4周龄达到最大,第5—9周龄呈减小趋势,第10周龄及以后处于平稳趋势;随增龄,胸腺皮髓质面积比逐渐减小,胸腺小体的数量先增多后减少,第6周龄达到最多。电镜结果显示,胸腺细胞存在着自然凋亡现象,主要表现为细胞核的变化,核质凝集,线粒体增多。结果表明,黄羽鹌鹑胸腺发育表现出明显的增龄变化特征,出生到4周龄为发育旺盛期,第5—9周龄为成熟持续期,第10—38周龄为退化期。

This study was aimed to investigate the morphology, histological structure and development of the thymus of the Chinese yellow quail at different ages, and to provide morphological basis for the establishment of immune program during the growth of yellow quail. The thymus index, histological structure and ultrastructure of thymus of yellow quail from birth to 38 weeks old were studied by anatomical, histological and electron microscopy techniques. The results were follows: the weight, index, length and diameter of thymus gradually increased with age, reaching a maximum for each of these measurements at the age of 4 weeks, decreased between 5 and 9 weeks of age and then remained unchanged between 10 and 38 weeks of age. Cortex area/medullar area was gradually decreased with the age. The number of Hassall's corpuscle was gradually increased with age, reaching a maximum at the age of 6 weeks and then decreased with age. Electron microscope observation showed that: the natural apoptosis was found in thymocyte. The main changes of apoptotic cells appeared in nucleus. The chromatin were condenses. The proliferation of mitochondria happened to apoptotic cells. It was seen that a sustained developmental period occurred at 0-4 weeks of age, a maturation period occurred at 5-9 weeks, a involution period occurred at 10-38 weeks during the development of quail thymus.