财政分权、地方政府财政竞争与公共教育效率——基于受限Tobit面板模型的实证分析

Fiscal Decentralization,Fiscal Competition Among Local Governments and Efficiency of Public Education——Empirical Analysis Based on the Limited Tobit Panel Model

首先引入随机前沿分析方法(SFA),运用2007—2016年31个省级行政单位面板数据测算公共教育效率,发现我国公共教育效率呈下降的趋势,东部地区的效率水平最低,中部地区次之,西部地区最高。然后运用受限Tobit面板模型实证分析财政分权、地方政府财政竞争等因素对全国以及东、中、西部地区公共教育效率的影响。实证结果表明:财政分权对全国、东部及中部地区的公共教育效率具有显著的促进作用,由分权体制导致的地方政府间财政竞争对其效率具有显著的挤出效应,但对于西部地区,两者的影响是不显著的。

The paper introduces the stochastic frontier analysis method (SFA),using the panel data of 31 provincial regions from 2007 to 2016 to measure the efficiency of public education.It is found that the efficiency of public education in China is declining,with the highest efficiency in the western region,followed by the central region and the lowest level in the eastern region.Then the limited Tobit panel model is used to empirically analyze the effects of fiscal decentralization,local government fiscal competition and other factors on the efficiency of public education in the eastern,central and western regions and nationwide as well.The empirical results show that fiscal decentralization has a significant promoting effect on the efficiency of public education in the eastern and central regions and nationwide.The fiscal competition between local governments caused by the decentralization system has a significant crowding out effect on the efficiency,the influences of the bothare less significant in the western region though.