天目山国家级自然保护区旅游公路对节肢动物群落的影响及其动物致死特征

Effects of Tianmushan National Nature Reserve scenic highway on arthropod communities and its road mortality characteristic

2016年8月和2017年8月,在天目山国家级自然保护区采用样线法和样方法调查了旅游公路的运营对节肢动物群落的影响及道路致死状况。结果表明,公路两侧昆虫的遇见率(14.55±4.45只·km^(–1))显著的高于林中(8.27±2.22只·km^(–1);P=0.018),公路两侧0—5m区域内节肢动物的捕获数(33.45±3.23只·m^(–2))也显著的高于20—30m区域(23.92±4.72只·m^(–2); P=0.027);并且距离公路0—5m区域内的节肢动物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(2.21)也高于20—30 m区域(1.90),说明公路运营对节肢动物群落产生正的边缘效应。动物的平均道路致死率为9.01±3.17只·km^(–1),其中昆虫的道路致死数量最高,占总数的69.44%。说明道路边缘可能由于车辆的行驶而变成生态陷阱。另外还记录到大量的脊椎动物被车辆撞死,造成动物非自然死亡,进而对当地的野生动物群落产生明显的负面效应。

The effects of scenic highway on arthropod communities and its road kill rates for local animals species were investigated by line transect method and quadrate method in the Tianmushan National Nature Reserve during August 2016 and August 2017.The results showed that the meeting rate of insects in areas surrounding the highway(14.55±4.45 ind.km-1)was significantly higher than that within the forest(8.27±2.22 Ind.km^-1;P=0.018).The catches of arthropod within the area(33.45±3.23 ind.m^-2)of 0-5 meters from the highway were significantly higher than those within the area(23.92±4.72 ind.m^-2;P=0.027)of 20-30 meters from the highway,and the Shannon-Wiener index of arthropod communities within the 0-5 meters area(2.21)was also higher than that of the 20-30 meters region(1.90).It indicated that scenic highway had a positive edge effect on arthropod community in the Tianmushan National Nature Reserve.Meanwhile,a large number of animals have been killed by vehicles.The average road kill rate of animals was 9.01±3.17 ind.km^-1.Among them,the number of road fatal insects was the highest,accounting for 69.44% of the total.In addition,many vertebrates were also killed due to vehicles collisions.It indicated that road edge may become an ecological trap causing the animals to die unnaturally,and then making a significantly negative effect on the local wildlife communities.