天津市设施草莓滴灌条件下水盐分布及运移规律研究

Studies on Distribution and Transport of Soil Water and Salt under Drip Irrigation of Greenhouse Strawberry in Tianjin

为指导滴灌条件下设施草莓的科学灌溉和合理施肥,本试验运用FDR土壤水盐传感器对草莓生育期内不同时期的土壤水分和盐分进行了监测研究。结果表明,在本试验中设施草莓全生育期灌溉量为1 091.84 mm,其中有效灌溉量为584.95 mm;全生育期耗水量为610.75 mm,日均耗水强度为3.58 mm·d^(-1);全生育期耗水过程可划分为4个耗水阶段:花芽生长期、越冬膨果期、盛果期、盛果后期,且耗水强度变化整体呈现"高-低-高-低"的波动变化趋势,其最大值出现在盛果期(4.74 mm·d^(-1)),最小值出现在盛果后期(2.79 mm·d^(-1));土壤盐分经过长时间的横向和纵向运移,主要在30 cm以内湿润锋边缘形成了积盐效果,仅盛果期4月23日、5月19日、5月26日积盐效果出现在40 cm以内。根据监测数据分析出的草莓日耗水量、有效灌溉量等重要指标,可用于修正该地区草莓灌溉施肥制度,以实现高产。

In order to guide the scientific irrigation and reasonable fertilization of strawberry in the facility under drip irrigation,the FDR soil water and salt sensor were used to monitor the soil moisture and salinity of strawberry during different growth periods in this study.The results showed that the irrigation amount of strawberry in the whole growth period was 1 091.84 mm,of which the effective irrigation amount was 584.95 mm;the water consumption during the whole growth period was 610.75 mm,and the daily average water consumption intensity was 3.58 mm·d-1.The water consumption process could be divided into four water consumption stages:flower bud growth period,wintering fruit expansion period,fruiting period,late fruit stage,and the water consumption intensity changes generally showed“high-low-high-low”fluctuation trend,which the maximum value appeared in the fruiting period(4.74 mm·d^-1),and the minimum value appeared in the late fruit stage(2.79 mm·d^-1).Through the long-term horizontal and vertical soil salinity migration,the effect of salt accumulation mainly appeared in the edge of the wet front(30 cm soil layer),only April 23rd,May 19th,and May 26th of the fruit accumulation period were appeared in 40 cm soil layer.According to the monitoring data,the daily water consumption and effective irrigation amount of strawberry could be used to correct the strawberry fertigation system in the region to achieve high yield.