超润湿材料及其应用

Super-wetting Materials and Their Applications

在自然界发现的超润湿功能性材料具有很重要的研究价值,能够促进新材料和新技术的发展。超润湿材料主要的决定因素是其化学组成、表面的微纳结构和表面粗糙度的大小。基于此设计原理,科研工作者设计并制备了具有特殊表面浸润性能的材料,广泛的应用于医疗、建筑、航空航天、海洋防污等领域且发挥着日渐重要的作用。本文介绍了几种具有不同润湿性材料的研究进展,总结了超润湿材料在水相转变、生物粘附、油水分离和能量转换装置等新兴应用,最后分析了超润湿材料遇到的挑战和发展方向。

Super-wetting functional materials found in nature are of great research value and can promote the development of new materials and technologies.The main determinants of super-wetting materials are their chemical composition,surface micro-nano structure and surface roughness.Based on this design principle,researchers have designed and prepared materials with special surface wettability,which are widely used in medical treatment,architecture,aerospace,marine antifouling and other fields and play an increasingly important role.This paper introduces the research progress of several materials with different wettability,summarizes the new applications of super-wetting materials in water phase transformation,biological adhesion,oil-water separation and energy conversion devices,and finally analyzes the challenges and development direction of superwetting materials.