美国少数族裔受教育权的法律保障及启示

Legal Protection of Minorities’ Right of being Educated in the U.S.A and Inspirations

美国少数族裔公民受教育权的法律保障经历了曲折的发展历程,最终形成了当前较为完备的教育法律法规体系,有力推动了弱势群体教育状况的改进。其主要特点有:联邦宪法和最高法院对少数族裔受教育权的保障发挥着独特作用,少数族裔受教育权的法律保障体系比较完备,有关教育法案具有问题针对性,并体现出较强的及时性,同时明确经费的保障。我国少数民族受教育权的保障与实现需要纳入法治轨道,通过对比考察,对于我国少数民族受教育权的保障问题,主要带来以下启示:完备的少数民族教育法规体系是根本保障,少数民族教育立法应增强问题针对性,应注重时代发展要求,应将少数民族教育经费保障作为立法重点内容。

It takes a long and hard time for the minority citizens in the U.S.A to get the legal protection of the right of being educated and forms finally the current educational laws and regulations,which are relatively complete and vigorously promote the vulnerable groups’ situation of being educated.All the following are mentioned as its main features:Federal Constitution and Supreme Court play special roles in protecting minorities’ right of being educated in the U.S.A;the legal protection system is relatively complete;the Education Act is well targeted and timely,as well as make clear the fund guarantee.The realization and the protection of minorities’ right of being educated should be brought into the orbit of legal system in China.We obtain inspirations from a compared research:A complete educational laws system is the fundamental guarantee for the minorities to get the right of being educated;educational legislation for the minorities should be well targeted;the requirements of the times should be paid attention to;the educational fund guarantee for the minorities should be the key point in the legislation.