美国标准职业分类的新发展及其启示

The New Development of American Standard Occupational Classification and Its Enlightenment

随着经济社会的发展,新型产业不断涌现,在兴起一批新职业的同时,旧有职业正面临消退。为了使标准职业分类更好地服务于现代社会,美国管理和预算办公室在2018年对《标准职业分类》(2010版)进行了修订。美国对《标准职业分类》一共修订了四次,形成了稳定的修订周期,充分体现了标准性和民主性。2018版《标准职业分类》的结构共有四个层级,并且每个职业都有一个六位数的编码,其修订过程遵循了十条分类原则和六条编码指南。通过以上分析,提出我国职业分类应加强分类方法的科学化、修订周期的稳定性、修订流程的标准性,并应利用好职业分类来提供职业指导。

With the development of economy and society,new industries are constantly emerging.At the same time as the emergence of a number of new occupations,the old occupations are facing extinction.In order to make the standard occupational classification better serve the modern society,the US Office of Management and Budget revised the 2010 version of the Standard Occupational Classification in 2018.The United States revised the standard occupational classification for a total of four times.A stable revision cycle fully reflects the standard and democracy.The 2018 new edition of standard occupational classification is divided into four levels,and each occupation has a six-digit code.The revision process follows ten classification principles and six coding guidelines.Through the above analysis,it is proposed that the occupational classification of China should strengthen the scientificity of classification methods,the stability of the revision cycle,and standardization of the revision process,and make good use of the occupational classifications to provide career guidance.