当前叙利亚库尔德问题的发展及面临的挑战

Political Wishes and Challenges for Kurds in Syria

民族身份的建构是近代以来人类历史发展的重要主线和强大动力,也是影响中东地区政治进程的重要因素。2011年以来,以“民主联盟党”为代表的叙利亚库尔德人崛起于叙利亚北部,已成为叙利亚国内重要的政治力量。这象征着叙利亚库尔德人民族身份在叙利亚国内政治生活的复苏与崛起。本文认为,尽管从1946年政治独立以来,叙利亚政府都试图“同化”和打压国内库尔德人,但是库尔德人追求地区自治和谋求民族平等的愿望并未被泯灭,随着2011年以后叙利亚内战爆发,以及叙利亚库尔德政治力量的崛起而愈发强烈。在未来,叙利亚库尔德人追求地方自治和谋求民族平等的政治诉求,仍然将面临来自叙利亚库尔德人政党纷争、叙利亚中央政府和反对派以及土耳其的多方面挑战。2018年以来,土耳其及其支持的叙利亚反对派武装在叙利亚北部发动攻势,试图扫除叙利亚库尔德人在当地的政治影响力。叙利亚库尔德人实现其政治诉求,仍然需要时间与耐心。

The Kurdish political groups in Syria,represented by Kurdish Democratic Union Party( PYD),has played an important role in Syria political arena since 2011,while the political position of Kurds in Syria may largely determine the ongoing Syria peace process. Although various measures have been taken by successive Syria central regimes to repress Kurdish identity in Syria with the aim of "Arabize"the Syrian Kurds,the political wishes of pursuing both regional autonomy and national equality have never vanished,but rather have become increasingly stronger since the Syria civil war in 2011. Syria political wishes will be challenged by not only Kurdish internal political crisis,but also the external obstructions from both Syrian government and Turkey. After early 2018 when Turkey-backed Syrian rebels’ military offensive against Syrian Kurds in Afrin of Northern Syria,it is still a long journey before the political dream of Syrian Kurds is realized.