当代埃及总统政治合法性的历史嬗变

The Historical Legitimacy Evolution of Contemporary Egyptian Presidents

拥有近7000年历史的埃及,在历史的长河中形成了自身独特的政治传统。自1952年7月革命之后,当代埃及共经历了五个时期,分别是纳赛尔时期、萨达特时期、穆巴拉克时期、穆尔西时期以及当前的塞西时期。综观四位总统的执政历程,可以看出他们在获取政治合法性方面,呈现出由革命到选举的趋势;在维持政治合法性方面,呈现出由依靠民众到依靠精英的特点;而在丧失政治合法性方面,则呈现出由战争失利到军人干政的态势。通过回顾当代埃及总统获取、维持以及丧失政治合法性的历史进程,可以从中勾勒出埃及政治演进的轨迹,更有利于我们把握埃及未来的政治走势。

As a great country with a civilization of 7000 years,Egypt has formed its unique despotism tradition in the history.From the 7th revolution on,there has been five periods in Egypt,which are the Nasser Period,the Sadat Period,the Mubarak Period,the Morsi Period and the Sisi period.When we make a general survey of these periods,we can find that in order to pursue legitimacy,election is more important than revolution.As for the sustention of legitimacy,the gov-ernment gradually has to rely on the elite rather than the populace.Nasser lost his legitimacy in the third Arab-Israel war,while Morsi was imprisoned by a coup.With a thorough study of the four periods,we can figure out the track of the Egyptian politics.Thus,it will be useful for us to grasp the future tendency of Egyptian Politics.