水权质量视阈下小流域水权冲突与协调措施

Conflicts over water rights and coordination measures in small watersheds from perspective of quality of water rights

从水权质量的角度出发,对小流域水权冲突诱因及其协调措施进行研究,阐述了小流域水权冲突的相关概念,归纳总结出小流域水权冲突具有主体多元化、外溢效用严重、对抗激化引致暴力冲突的特征,并对小流域水权冲突经典表现进行介绍,然后对小流域水权冲突的诱因进行了分析。结果表明:当水权以低质量的形式表现出来时,引起其他用水户交易水资源时交易成本降低,机会主义行为发生概率上升,并且水权转让水平低,新的水权冲突不断发生。另外,水权质量低也造成水权凝滞现象发生,以及水权异动频发和水权约束力下降等一系列影响,进而加剧水权冲突事件发生的频率。因此,政府应创新小流域内水利基础设施投融资机制,建立小流域水权分配机制,推进小流域水权市场建设,引入生态补偿机制,以协调由低质量的水权引起的水权冲突。

From the perspective of quality of water rights,the main incentives and coordinative measures of water rights for small watersheds are studied.The conflicts over water rights of small watersheds characterized by diversification of subjects,serious spillover effects and violent conflicts caused by confrontation are summarized,and the classic cases are introduced.The incentives for conflicts over water rights in the small watersheds are analyzed.The results show that when the water rights are expressed in low quality,the transaction costs of other water users are reduced.Meanwhile,the probability of opportunistic behaviour increases.The transfer level of water rights is low,and new conflicts over water rights continuously increase.In addition,the low quality of water rights also causes a series of effects such as stagnation,frequent fluctuation and decline of water rights,and thus it leads to frequent conflicts over water rights.Therefore,the government should innovate the investment and financing mechanism of water infrastructure in the small watersheds,establish the water right allocation mechanism for the small watersheds,promote the construction of water right markets in the small watersheds and introduce the ecological compensation mechanism so as to coordinate the conflicts over water rights caused by low-quality water rights.