栽培模式对寒地水稻产量和营养品质的影响

Effects of Cultivation Modes on Yield and Nutrient Quality of Rice in Cold Region

以龙粳46和龙庆稻3号为试验材料,设置不施氮空白栽培模式(N0)、当地农民高产栽培模式(FP)、高产高效栽培模式(HYHE)和超高产栽培模式(SHY),探究不同栽培模式对寒地水稻产量及稻米蛋白质组分、蛋白质、氨基酸和矿质元素含量的影响,以期为寒地水稻高产优质栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,龙粳46和龙庆稻3号的产量均以SHY模式最高,分别较HYHE模式显著提高14.24%和30.65%,较FP模式显著提高22.19%和40.21%;与FP模式相比,2个水稻品种在SHY模式下,水稻籽粒清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白、总蛋白质含量分别显著提高20.37%、12.94%、10.74%、28.26%、10.04%和26.79%、12.90%、9.96%、27.45%、8.72%,氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量、非必需氨基酸含量分别显著提高5.30%、4.95%、5.48%和7.52%、12.38%、4.87%,而HYHE模式对其影响不显著;栽培模式对水稻籽粒矿质元素含量的影响程度因品种和矿质元素种类而异,SHY模式对龙粳46 Zn、Na、Ca、Cu含量的影响较大,分别较FP模式显著提高46.77%、48.56%、69.35%、56.15%,而对龙庆稻3号Mg、K含量影响较大,分别较FP模式显著提高63.18%、46.16%;球蛋白、谷蛋白含量分别与Mn含量呈极显著、显著正相关,醇溶蛋白含量与Mg含量呈显著负相关。综上,超高产栽培模式可以在保证寒地水稻高产的基础上,有效改善稻米的营养品质,高产高效栽培模式次之。

Taking Longjing 46 and Longqingdao No.3 as experimental materials,the local high-yield cultivation(FP),high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation(HYHE)and super-high-yield cultivation(SHY)modes were set up to explore the effects of different cultivation modes on rice yield,protein components,amino acids and mineral elements contents in cold region with the blank cultivation mode without nitrogen,so as to provide theoretical basis for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of rice in cold region.The results showed that the yields of Longjing 46 and Longqingdao No.3 were the highest under SHY mode,which were 14.24%and 30.65%higher than those of HYHE mode,22.19%and 40.21%higher than those of FP mode,respectively.Compared with FP mode,the contents of albumin,globulin,glutenin,gliadin,total protein in rice grains of Longjing 46 and Longqingdao No.3 significantly increased by 20.37%,12.94%,10.74%,28.26%,10.04%and 26.79%,12.90%,9.96%,27.45%,8.72%respectively under SHY mode,and the contents of total,essential,non-essential amino acids significantly increased by 5.30%,4.95%,5.48%and 7.52%,12.38%,4.87%respectively,but the effect of HYHE mode was not significant.The influence degree of cultivation mode on mineral element content of rice grain varied with varieties and mineral elements.SHY mode had a greater impact on Zn,Na,Ca and Cu contents of Longjing 46,which were 46.77%,48.56%,69.35%and 56.15%higher than those of FP mode respectively;SHY mode had a greater impact on Mg and K contents of Longqingdao No.3,which were 63.18%and 46.16%higher than those of FP mode respectively.The contents of globulin and glutenin were significantly positively correlated with Mn content,while the content of gliadin was significantly negatively correlated with Mg content.In conclusion,the super-high yield cultivation mode could effectively improve the nutritional quality of rice on the basis of ensuring high yield of rice in cold region,followed by high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode.