苏联共产党的权力网络与苏维埃国家治理

On the Power Network of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Soviet State Governance

苏联共产党作为苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟的唯一执政党,为了实施有效的国家统治和社会治理,在国内政治生活中建立起了以党为中心的庞大、细密、严谨的政治权力。从斯大林时期开始,这种政治权力集中表现为以苏共中央总书记为代表,以各加盟共和国、边疆区和州等政权机构的"第一书记"为支撑的权力网络体系。"总书记—第一书记"权力体系的形成,是无产阶级专政和作为无产阶级专政的基本工具的共产党实行有效统治的理论和实践发展的必然结果。作为这一政治主张的实践发展,这一权力机制开始在国家政治生活中广泛复制并不断膨胀发展。最终,"总书记—第一书记"的权力网络体系不仅成为苏联共产党内部组织权力运行的主要支架,更成为凝聚、粘合苏维埃政权大厦的核心构件。

In order to implement effective national governance and social governance,the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,as the only ruling party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,established a huge,meticulous and rigorous political power with Communist Party of the Soviet Union as its core in domestic political life.From Stalin's era on,the power network system of this centralized political power represented by the general secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and supported by the first secretary of the regimes of the allied republics,border areas and states.The formation of the power system of"general secretary and first secretaries"was the inevitable result of the development of theory and practice of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the implementation of effective rule of the communist party,who was as a basic tool of the dictatorship of the proletariat.As a practical development of this political proposition,this power mechanism began to be widely replicated and expanded in the national political life.In the end,the power network system of"general secretary and first secretaries"not only became the main support for the operation of the internal organization of the Soviet Communist Party,but also became the core component of cohesion and adhesion to the Soviet state building.