当事人申请再审程序限制性要件的解释

Interpretation of Restrictive Requirements of Application of Retrial Procedure

《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国民事诉讼法>的解释》第383条确立了当事人申请再审一次原则。规定中"当事人"存在"再审申请一方当事人"以及"双方当事人"两种不同的解释方法;"再审判决、裁定"存在"一审再审的上诉案件的再审"以及"一审发回重审上诉后的再审"两种形式上并非直接表现为再审裁判的情况。再审申请程序不同于再审程序,其严肃性应当适当让位于当事人的程序参与权,因此可以采用"申请人不同"以及"再审适事由不同"的双重要件模式来解释当事人的范围。基于再审程序的纠错性和严肃性,"再审判决、裁定"应当包含不同解释下可能衍生出的两种情况,即当事人不能对一审再审的上诉案件和一审发回重审的上诉案件提起再审申请,以此强调再审程序的纠错功能,避免目前司法实践中存在的再审不终的问题。

Article 383 in Civil Procedural Law established the principle that litigants can only apply for retrial procedure once. However, in practice, there are two requirements need to be interpreted and they are "parties" as well as "retrial judgments and determination". It is not clear that whether the "parties" include the other party who is not the applicant. Also, it is not clear that whether "retrial judgments and determinations" include the appeal cases of “retrial of first instance” and "new trial". Due to the reason that the application procedure is not the main part of retrial procedure, so the procedure of application of retrial should tolerate the participation of parties to some extent and should not be that strict. Besides,"retrial judgments and determination" should use amplified interpretation to make sure that the retrial procedure will not be started repeatedly.