从人性的探索到滤镜下的青春——从小说《芳华》到电影《芳华》的变异的文化探析

From the Exploration of Human Nature to the Youth under the Filter——A Cultural Analysis of the Variation from the Novel Fanghua to the Film Fanghua

严歌苓小说《芳华》被冯小刚改编成了电影《芳华》后,发生了一定程度的变异。电影的变异表现为三个"淡化"和一个团圆结局的设定。其一,淡化了极致政治环境下的人性书写,转化为浓浓的怀旧情绪;其二,淡化了极致战争环境下的人性书写,转化为对战争场面的猎奇观赏;其三,淡化了极致庸俗生活中的人性书写,转化为简短的画外音和画面提示。将千疮百孔的人生设定为一个团圆结局。从小说到电影,由人性的探索变成了滤镜下的青春。变异的原因当从意识形态的文化过滤、小说作者与电影导演文化认知和艺术追求的不同、媒介属性的差异等角度加以探析。

Yan Geling’s novel Fanghua was changed into a certain degree of variation by Feng Xiaogang’s film Fanghua . The variation of the film is represented by three “downplays” and a happy ending. First,the human nature writing in the extreme political environment is diluted and transformed into deep nostalgia. Secondly,the human nature writing in the extreme war environment is weakened and transformed into the curiosity viewing of the war scenes. Third,the human nature of the extreme vulgar life writing,into a short voiceover and picture prompt. Set the rigged life as a happy ending. From novels to movies,the exploration of human nature has turned into youth under the filter. The reasons for the variation should be analyzed from the perspectives of ideological cultural filter,different cultural cognition and artistic pursuit between the novel author and the film director,and different media attributes.