论密尔自由原则的含混性及其实践效用

The Ambiguity of Mill's Principle of Freedom and Its Practical Utility

面对"多数人暴政"这一新的问题,密尔力求在个人的自由与社会限制之间找到一条清晰简要的原则。但是密尔在阐述这一原则时却表现出了某些含混性,即一方面,他的自由学说的哲学基础偏离了功利主义原则,另一方面,他提出的划定个人与社会界限的标准又过于模糊。然而,当密尔运用这种自由原则分析经济政策和义务教育等实践问题时,他的自由原则的模糊性特征表现出了巨大的优势,从而超越了时空的限制而具有恒久的启发意义。

In the face of the new problem of the tyranny of the majority,Mill sought to find a clear and concise principle between individual liberty and social constraint.However,Mill showed some vagueness in his elaboration of this principle,that is,on the one hand,his philosophical foundation of freedom theory deviated from the principle of utilitarianism,on the other hand,his standard of demarcating personal and social boundaries was too vague.However,when Mill used this principle of freedom to analyze practical problems,such as economic policy and obligation education,the ambiguity of his principle of freedom showed great advantages,and thus transcended the limitations of time and space and had lasting enlightening significance.