宋以前竹类谱录的起源与多样化探析

Origin and Diversification of Chinese Bamboo Treatises in the pre-Song Dynasty

中国竹文化源于史前并不断传承发展。其历史悠久,内容丰富多样,却又难以追根溯源。古代的竹类谱录不仅是竹文化的体现之一,更作为中国科技著作闻名于世。其中,戴凯之的《竹谱》是现存最早的植物专题谱录,他的观察记载与后世同类著作相比更加详细、客观。但是,由于《竹谱》沿袭了中国古代文学和方物志的谱系,仅从内容和作者的分析难以理解此书的特点。因此该文旨在从古代文学与方物志的谱系出发,阐明《竹谱》特点,分析《竹谱》对后世竹类谱录的影响。同时对直到南宋末的竹类谱录,如王子敬《竹谱》、赞宁《笋谱》、钱昱《竹谱》、吴良辅《竹书》等,进行互相比较归类。由于竹子的用途很广,竹类谱录的主题类型有植物分类、食品、乐器等多样化。

Chinese bamboo culture was descended from unrecorded antiquity.Its long history and multiplicity of tradition make difficulties to trace the origin of itself.Old bamboo treatises are one of early expression of bamboo culture,and known as scientific writing of China as well.Particularly,the observation and account by Dai Kaizhi in his Zhu Pu(lit.Bamboo Treatise),the oldest Chinese plant treatises,are more scrupulous than later treatises in the same category.However,it is quite hard to comprehend its traits only from analysis on the contents and author,as Zhu Pu has carried on the traditions of early Chinese literature and chorography.Therefore,this paper explored Zhu Pu by Dai Kaizhi from those traditions,and clarified its traits.Furthermore,the s influences of Zhu Pu to subsequent bamboo writings,such as Dongxiao Fu(Chinese Flute Epic),Wang Zijing′s Bamboo Treatise,Yang Zhu Ji(Memorial of Breeding Bamboo)by Bai Juyi,Sun Pu(Treatise of Bamboo Shoots)by Zan Ning,Zhu Pu by Qian Yu,and Zhu Shu(Bamboo Book)by Wu Liangfu,were illuminated.