朝鲜王朝初期“向化倭人”平道全研究

A Study on the Naturalized Japanese Ping Daoquan in the Early Joseon Dynasty

朝鲜王朝初期(14世纪末15世纪初)出现的“向化倭人”,是指当时由于各种原因来到朝鲜半岛的日本人,他们或长期居住朝鲜后返回日本,或最终成为朝鲜臣民世代定居下来。该特殊人群产生于特定历史时期,有复杂成因,有独特存在形式,产生了一定历史影响。该现象不仅是单纯的朝日两国外交问题,也涉及朝鲜的内政,从更广阔的视野来看,其影响甚至并不局限于朝日两国,也波及整个东亚。本文以该时期“向化倭人”代表人物之一的平道全为个案展开研究,从其与对马岛的特殊关系、对朝鲜所做贡献,以及身处朝鲜、对马岛夹缝中的悲剧收场三个方面论述其生平,讨论两个问题:①朝鲜王朝与日本对马岛的特殊关系;②“向化倭人”与14世纪末15世纪初东亚“倭寇”问题。

The “naturalized Japanese” refers to the Japanese who came to Joseon Dynasty and lived for long time or became Joseon citizens from the end of the fourteenth century to the early fifteenth century. They came to Joseon in a specific historical period for a variety of reasons;they had unique forms of existence, and caused a certain historical impact. This phenomenon was not only a simple matter of diplomatic fields, but also related to the internal affairs of Joseon Dynasty. From a broader perspective, its influence was not only limited to Korea and Japan, but also to the whole East Asia. When we focused on a representative figure of the “naturalized Japanese” named Ping Daoquan and discussed three aspects: his special relationship with Japan and Tsushima;his contribution to Joseon and his tragic ending caused by the awkward situation. There are two questions which can be discussed:(1) the special relationship between Joseon Dynasty and Tsushima;(2) the connection between the “naturalized Japanese” and the “Japanese pirates” in East Asia from the end of the fourteenth century to the early fifteenth century.