现代建筑美学中的“语言学转向”

The Linguistic Turn in Modern Architectural Aesthetics

在20世纪中叶开始的针对现代建筑的批判、反思以及之后的辩护浪潮中,建筑界借鉴了大量来自语言学的概念和理论,讨论建筑语言是否具备交流性,这与当时西方哲学界开展的“语言学转向”相得益彰。后现代建筑师认可建筑是一种具备交流性的语言,但是应该在语用学还是语义学层面关注建筑对信息的传达,不同建筑师之间有所分歧。某些解构主义建筑师则否认现代建筑的交流性,并由此创造出破碎的建筑形式以契合“解构”的主题。哈贝马斯则认为现代建筑的危机在于现代社会自身,只有通过用交往理性替代了工具理性,避免生活世界被社会系统所控制,才能从根本上改变现代建筑表里不一的问题,体现了高人一等的视野。

In the criticism, introspection and the followed defense of Modern Architecture since mid-20th century, the architecture industry has drawn on the concepts and theories of the linguistics to discuss whether the architecture language is communicative or not, which is closely related to “the linguistic turn” launched by the Western philosophy circle. Postmodern architects accept that architecture is a kind of language with the function of communication. However, different architects have different opinions over whether architecture’s convey of information should be viewed from the aspect of pragmatics or semantics. On the other hand, some architects of Deconstruction deny the communication feature of modern architecture. Moreover, they create broken architecture forms so as to align with the theme of deconstruction. Habermas considers the crisis of modern architecture is rooted in the modern society itself. According to him, only by the replacement of instrumental rationality with communicative rationality so that the “life-world” would not be controlled by social system, we can fundamentally change the inconsistency of the modern architecture, which shows his higher vision.