郭沫若《十批判书》撰述动机新探

A Tentative Study on the Motives of Guo Moruo’s Writing of Ten Critiques

《十批判书》是马克思主义史家研究先秦诸子的代表作之一。关于撰述动机,既有研究认为《十批判书》是针对范文澜“工农革命说”而作的。细读文本可知,郭沫若一方面对梁启超、胡适的墨学观点进行辩驳,另一方面对马克思主义史学阵营中的其他史家,如范文澜、翦伯赞、侯外庐、杨荣国等的墨学观点进行驳论。在学术争议中,郭沫若在历史本体论上,主张“人民本位说”;在历史认识论上,坚持客观研究而反对主观主义;在史学方法论上,注重社会与思想的并重考察。所以,《十批判书》的撰述动机是批判近代中国史学研究中主观主义的学术风气,而“工农革命说”仅是辩论对象之一。

Gun Moruo's Ten Critiques is one of the great pieces of Marxist historians on the thoughts of ancient China.About the writing motive,existing studies tend to argue that this essay is targeted at Fan Wenlan's arguments of worker-peasant-revolution.However,after a detailed examination,it becomes clearer that Guo Moruo criticised historians like Liang Qichao and Hu Shi on their research of Mozi in the warrior era on the one hand,and he also disagreed with other Marxist historians including Fan Wenlan,Jian Bozan,Hou Wailu,and Yang Guorong on the same theme.In his argument,Guo Moruo proposed a people-first position in terms of historical ontology;a focus on objective study rather than subjectivism in terms of historical epistemology;and paralleled emphasis on society and thoughts in terms of historical methodology.Therefore,the writing motive for Ten Critiques is to criticize the academic trends in the discipline of Chinese history and the argument of worker-peasant-revolution is just one of them.