人民公社研究四十年

Four Decades of the Study on People’s Commune

近四十年的人民公社研究可以分为两个阶段,一是前二十年,以交代公社历史脉络、总结政策得失为旨归;二是新世纪至今,人民公社研究发生从宏观研究到微观的转向。本文尝试梳理四十年公社研究的主要成果,说明公社研究由宏观向微观的变化趋势;着重归纳和介绍21世纪以来人民公社研究的新特点:研究视角下沉、研究方法多元化和史料来源的多元化;对当前公社研究中多受诟病的生搬西方概念、个案研究“碎片化”等问题进行反思。

The study on People‘s Commune in the last four decades could be divided into two stages:the decade from 1978 to the end of 20 th century is the first stage,in which scholars mainly review the historical development of the certain institution and the impact of the general policies related to it;from the new century on is the second stage,in which scholars tend to narrow down the perspectives in their studies.This articles review major contributions in this field and show its changing trends,which include down-to-the-earth in terms of perspective,diversity in terms of methodology,and variation in terms of the origins of materials.It also reconsiders the features of inappropriate using of western-style concept and fragmentation of studies.