康德时空观的理论背景与发展形成

The Theoretical Foundations and Development of Kant's View on Time and Space

牛顿的绝对时空观和莱布尼兹的关系时空观构成了康德先验时空观的理论背景,针对牛顿和莱布尼兹关于时空性质的论战,康德最初以莱布尼兹的时空观为理论起点,同时又在牛顿的影响下,经过长期的反思与探索,在1770年认为时间、空间既非绝对实在的、亦非关系观念的,而是先验观念的,这意味着康德批判哲学中的时空观的初步形成,先验时空观的建立成为康德前批判时期和批判时期的转折点,从而构成批判哲学形成的关键。

Newton’s absolute space-time view and Leibniz’s idea of relative time and space provided Kant with theoretical foundations to put forward his transcendental idealism.In response to Newton and Leibniz’s debate on the nature of time and space,Kant initially applied Leibniz1 s idea as the theoretical starting point,and meanwhile under the influence of Newton,he concluded in 1770 that time and space were neither absolute nor relative,but transcendental after his long-term reflection and exploration.This means the initial establishment of space-time doctrine in his critical philosophy.The establishment of transcendental idealism has become a turning point in the pre-critical period and critical period,and is the central to Kant's critical philosophy.