天人观视域下对叶适思想的考察

Studies on Ye Shi's Thoughts from the Viewpoint of the Relationship between Heaven and Human

叶适在面对佛老之学对儒学的挑战这一现实问题时,并不在儒学外部与佛老角胜负,而是通过判别儒学中驳杂的佛老概念,来坚守儒学的纯粹性。叶适对驳杂概念的判别方法来自对儒学本源的历史呈现。他通过溯源儒学发展之历史本源,将三代以来的儒学原始精神确定为儒学的根本精神,并在延续上古传统的基础上确立"人道立则鬼神可安,人职尽则生死为一"的天人观。而叶适对旧说的坚持,在新说流行的宋代儒学中,呈现出接续儒学纯粹原始精神的文化保守主义的特质。

Facing the realistic issue of the challenge to Confucianism from Buddhism and Taoism, Ye Shi didn’t stand outside of Confucianism to debate, but kept the purity of Confucianism by discriminating the concepts from Buddhism and Taoism in Confucianism. Ye Shi’s methods of discriminating the concepts came from the historical presentation of Confucianism’s origin. By tracing back to the historical origin of the development of Confucianism, Ye Shi took the primitive spirit of Confucianism since Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties as the fundamental spirit of Confucianism, and gave his views about the relationship between heaven and human. Compared with Confucianism in Song Dynasty, when new theories about Confucianism are popular, Ye Shi’s adherence to the old theory shows the characteristics of cultural conservatism.