宋代沿海地方社会控制与涉海群体的应对

Social Control in Coastal Regions of the Song Dynasty and the Countermeasure of Sea-related Groups

沿海地区作为宋朝沟通周边国家的前沿之地,聚集了规模庞大的以海为生的涉海群体,为有效管控濒海地区居民、维持该地区的社会稳定、加强对其控制力度,宋朝通过政治、经济、文化三个方面强化对沿海地方社会的控制。但其控制偏重于政治稳定、利于国家统治,而忽视甚至损害了涉海人口的经济利益,缘此,沿海地方民众采取逃避国家统治、利诱地方官员、武力抗争等方式予以应对。涉海群体此举,乃是为求得生存发展而为,造成了社会的失序,但社会并未因此而失范。宋廷重政治稳定而轻民间涉海人群经济利益的做法,制约后者利用海洋空间的广度、深度,也导致宋朝未能发展成为全球性的海洋帝国。

The coastal areas, as the frontiers of communication with neighboring countries, assembled a large scale of sea-related groups who made a living on the sea in the Song Dynasty. In order to effectively control the residents along the coast, maintain the social stability of the area and reinforce the control power, the authority of the Song Dynasty intensified the control towards such areas through such three aspects as politics,economy and culture. Because its control focused more on the political stability, it is really conducive to the state ruling. However, such a policy ignored and even undermined the economic interests of the people living in the coastal area. Therefore, the public from the coastal regions responded to government by escaping from the state ruling, inducing the local officials with profits and struggling with violent force. What the sea-related group did intended to seek the survival and development, however, resulted in the disorder of the society, but fortunately the society remained generally normal. The policy of the Song Dynasty with more stress on the political stability for the ruling class and less stress on the economic interests for the people involved in the sea restricted the breadth and depth of the utilization of the marine space and thus led to the failure of the Song Dynasty to become a global ocean empire.