干细胞源外泌体——心肌细胞损伤修复的新工具

Stem cell-derived exosomes——a new tool for repairing myocardial injury

外泌体是胞内来源的胞外小泡,作为细胞间通讯的关键介质,通过富含的多种蛋白质及miRNA等遗传物质调控细胞凋亡、免疫应答、炎症反应等过程发挥生物学作用。干细胞(SC)疗法在功能性心肌细胞损伤修复中表现了独特的优势。研究发现间充质干细胞(MSC)源外泌体可以提高心肌细胞在缺血/再灌注损伤后的生存能力,这表明MSC在心肌细胞损伤恢复中发挥的有益作用可能与其分泌的外泌体有关。因此,外泌体疗法可能是心肌细胞损伤修复的一个无细胞治疗策略的新方向。本文主要对SC源外泌体在心肌细胞损伤修复治疗中发挥的作用进行综述。

Exosomes,as the key mediators of intercellular communication,are extracellular vesicles derived from intracellular sources.They play various physiological roles in apoptosis regulation,immune responses,inflammation and other processes via their containing proteins and genetic materials,such as microRNAs.Stem cell therapy shows unique advantages in the repairing of myocardial cell injury.Evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-derived exosomes improve the viability of myocardial cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury,which suggests that the beneficial effects of the stem cells in the recovery may be associated with their secretion of exosomes.Therefore,exosome therapy might be a new direction for cell-free therapy strategy in myocardial repair.In this review,we summarized the roles of stem cell-derived exosomes in the repair of myocardial injury.