河北省燕山-太行山区贫困地区6～24月龄婴幼儿营养状况分析

Nutritional status analysis of infants aged 6-24 months in poor areas of yanshan-taihang mountain area in hebei province

目的分析河北省燕山-太行山区贫困地区6～24月龄婴幼儿营养状况,探讨贫困地区儿童营养和健康状况影响因素。方法选取河北省燕山-太行山贫困地区10个县6～24月龄婴幼儿2 738例为研究对象,采用询问和问卷调查双结合的方式,对婴幼儿基本情况、出生及喂养情况、24 h食物、家庭喂养与营养知识等项目进行调查,比较不同性别、不同月龄、不同出生状况婴幼儿营养不良发生情况。结果 2 738例婴幼儿中男童1 384名(50.8%),女童1 354名(49.5%),男女比例为1.02∶1。6～11月龄婴幼儿977例(35.7%),12～17月龄婴幼儿982例(35.9%),18～24月龄婴幼儿779例(28.4%),不同月龄的婴幼儿性别无统计学差异(χ~2=1.457 1,P>0.05);男性婴幼儿超重、消瘦、低体重、生长迟缓例数均多于女性婴幼儿,男性婴幼儿营养不良发生率为24.49%(339/1384),女性为16.84%(228/1354),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同月龄婴幼儿超重、消瘦、低体重例数无明显差异(P>0.05),6～11月、12～17月、18～24月婴幼儿营养不良率分别为21.19%(207/977)、18.84%(185/982)、22.46%(175/779),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);早产组和非早产组超重、消瘦、低体重、生长迟缓例数无统计学差异(P>0.05);出生体重<2 500 g、2 500～3 900 g、≥4 000 g婴幼儿在超重、消瘦、低体重方面例数无统计学差异(P>0.05),3个不同出生体重组生长迟缓例数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论河北省燕山-太行山区贫困地区婴幼儿生长发育情况总体良好,但男性婴幼儿营养不良发病率较高,18～24月婴幼儿生长迟缓比例增高,可能是儿童辅食添加不合理所导致,应引起有关部门严重重视。

Objective The nutrition status of infants aged 6-24 months in poor areas of yanshan-taihang mountain area in hebei province was analyzed,and the influencing factors of children nutrition and health status in poor areas were discussed.Methods2 738 cases of 6 to 24 months infant in 10 county of hebei yanshan-taihang mountains poverty area were selected as the research object.The basic information,birth and feeding situation,24h food,family feeding and nutrition knowledge of infants and young children were investigated by using a combination of inquiry and questionnaire,and the incidence of malnutrition among infants and young children of different genders,different ages and different birth conditions was compared.ResultsAmong 2 738 infants and young children,1 384 were male(50.8%),1 354 were female(49.5%)and the male to female ratio was 1.02∶1.There were 977 infants aged 6-11 months(35.7%),982 infants aged 12-17 months(35.9%)and 779 infants aged 18-24 months(28.4%).The number of overweight,thin,low weight and growth retardation of male infants was higher than that of female infants.The malnutrition rate of male infants was 24.49%(339/1384)and that of female infants was 16.84%(228/1354),with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in the number of overweight,emaciated and low weight cases of infants at different ages.And the malnutrition rates of infants at 6-11 months,12-17 months and 18-24 months were 21.19%(207/977),18.84%(185/982)and 22.46%(175/779),respectively,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of overweight,thin,low weight and growth retardation cases between the preterm group and the non-preterm group(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of overweight,emaciation and low body weight among infants and young children with birth weight less than 2 500 g,2 500-3 900 g,or more than 4 000 g(P>0.05),and there were statistically significant differences in growth retardation in the three birth weight groups(P<0.05).ConclusionThe growth and development of infants in poor areas of yanshan-taihang mountainous area of hebei province is generally good,but the incidence of malnutrition of male infants is high,and the growth retardation rate of infants in 18-24 months is increased,which may be caused by the unreasonable addition of children′s supplementary food,which should be attached great importance to by relevant departments.