中山市无偿献血者血液病原体酶联免疫吸附试验与核酸检测结果分析

Analysis of ELISA and Nucleic Acid Detection of Blood Pathogen in Unpaid Blood Donors in Zhongshan City

目的探讨无偿献血者血液病原体酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)与核酸检测结果。方法选择中山市中心血站2011年1月—2016年12月检测标本274 644份作为研究对象,标本采集完成后常规血清分离完毕后,采用ELISA测定标本乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)抗体以及人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体、梅毒TP等情况;排除ELI‐SA有反应性的标本和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)不合格的标本后,再做核酸检测,比较两种不同检测方法在无偿献血者中的检测效果。结果 274 644份标本均完成酶联免疫吸附试验测定,HCV检查中共有353份对两家试剂阳性,阳性率为0.13%。核酸检测结果显示:HBV异常142份,占0.05%,HCV异常3份0.001 2%及HIV1例,占0.000 4%;无偿献血者HBV检测异常率为0.13%、HCV异常率为0.002 7%,均低于ELISA异常率0.72%及0.13%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ELISA及核酸用于无偿献血者血液病原体测定中各有优缺点,二者结合有助于提高检测准确率。

Objective To investigate the results of(ELISA)and nucleic acid detection in blood pathogens from blood donors. Methods 274 644 samples were collected from Zhongshan Central Blood Station from January, 2011 to December, 2016. ELISA was used to detect hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg),hepatitis C virus(HCV)antibody,human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)antibody, syphilis TP and so on;After excluding ELISA reactive samples and alanine aminotransferase ALT substandard, two different methods were used to detect blood donors. Results 353 samples were tested positive for HCV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(Elisa),and the positive rate was 0.13%. Nucleic acid detection results showed that 142 cases(0.05%)were HBV abnormal,3 cases were HCV abnormal(0.001 2%),and 1 case was HIV abnormal(0.000 4%). The abnormal rate of HBV in blood donors was 0.13%,which was lower than that of ELISA(0.72%)and 0.13%(P<0.05). Conclusion There are advantages and disadvantages in the detection of blood pathogens in blood donors by using the weight Elisa and nucleic acid,and the combination of them is helpful to improve the detection accuracy.