天鹅展翅:高品质论文的引文模式探析

Swans Spread the Wings:A Probe into the Citation Pattern of High Qualitative Publications

"天鹅"现象是高品质论文中出现的一种特殊引文模式,定义为具有关联意义的成对出现的高被引论文,其中前期发表的具有科学发现意义的是"白天鹅"而后来发表的象征科学突破并引起前期论文引用下降的是"黑天鹅"。该文以诺贝尔物理学奖、化学奖、生理学或医学奖得主的关键论文为样本集,用"天鹅指数"测量了每类中选出的"黑、白天鹅"样例。"天鹅"引文模式结合了科学发现实质和科学引文数据,可望为突破性科学论文提供一个可量化测评的思路和方法。

"Swan" phenomenon is a kind of special citation pattern in publications of high quality. It occurs when related highly cited papers appears in pairs, and the papers published early with scientific discoveries were White Swan and the paper published later with breakthrough finding and caused the number of citations of the early papers to decline is Black Swan. This study is based on the representative publications of the Nobel laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Physiology or Medicine, in which we identify the White swan and the Black swanwith using Swan Index. With combining scientific essence and citation data,"Swan" as a special citation pattern of high qualitative publications provides a type of quantitative ideas and methods to identify the high qualitative publications with breakthrough discoveries.