“话语”在《存在与时间》中的生存论建构作用

The Existential Constructive Role of "Discourse" in Existence and Time

西方哲学在20世纪发生了语言学转向,语言哲学获取了举足轻重的地位,"语言"受到了格外关注。在海德格尔现象学的视域之中,语言是同"话语"密切的联系在一起的。相对于现成的语言,话语要更为源始,是一种源始的生存论现象。话语本身又同领会、现身情态交织在一起,共同作为此在"在之中"的三个基本环节。虽然话语同领会、现身情态"同样的源始",但是它又扮演着不同于二者的独特角色,发挥着独特的生存论构建作用。话语通过对现身情态和领会的内在构成,从生存论上建构着此在之在。

A Linguistic turn took place in Western Philosophy in the 20th century,and philosophy of language gained a pivotal position,and language attracted special attention since then.From the perspective of Heidegger's phenomenology,language is closely related to discourse.Compared with ready-made language,discourse is more original,and it is an existential phenomenon of origin.Discourse itself is interwoven with understanding and appearing modality,which are the three basic links of being here.Although discourse has the same origin as understanding and appearing modality,it plays a unique role different from the two and also plays a unique role in the construction of existentialism.Discourse constructs the presence from the existentialist point of view through the internal composition of the present state and understanding.