信息自决权的两个维度

Two Dimensions of the Right to Informational Self-Determination

信息自决权是指当事人对其自身相关数据自行决定是否披露与使用的终极掌控的权利。从积极的维度来看,它体现为当事人对自身信息的全面知情与把握,即对信息的知情(可获取)、对使用的知情(可掌控)、对保护的知情(隐私)、对占有的知情(财产)。从消极的维度来看,它体现为不知情。由于某些特殊信息仅具有统计学上的提示意义而不关乎当事人自身确定无误的知识,因而有些公民出于维护个体自由发展潜能的考量,会主动行使不知情权。信息自决权是普遍的人格权与自我决定权在信息时代的体现与表达,它反映了公民维护自身内在同一性、精神主权和独特人格的合理诉求,关涉到公民对其自身图景的自我理解以及一种积极的、自我认同性得以肯定的生命塑造。

The right to informational self-determination refers to the ultimate right of citizens to control and disclose their own data.From an active perspective,it embodies citizens'comprehensive knowledge and grasp of their own information,that is,the knowledge of information(availablity),the knowledge of use(controllability),the knowledge of protection(privacy),and the knowledge of possession(property).From the inactive perspective,it embodies citizens'right to refuse to know.Since some special information only has statistical significance and does not concern the citizens'own unmistakable knowledge,some of them will actively exercise their ignorance in order to maintain their individual potential for free development.The right to informational self-determination is the embodiment and expression of universal rights to human dignity and self-determination in the information age.It reflects the reasonable demands of citizens to maintain their inherent identity,spiritual sovereignty,and unique personality,and is related to citizens'self-understanding of their own vision and a positive,self-identifying life model that should be affirmed.