论金融法中的违约预防制度

The Breach Prevention System in Financial Law

违约本应当适用违约责任制度,但是金融法实践中往往禁止违约并尽量避免适用违约责任制度,且运用公法措施处罚或救济违约。违约责任制度存在一定局限性,无力应对金融领域违约的系统性及由此产生的传染性。金融法建立了违约预防制度,从履约准备金、资本充足率、杠杆率、流动性、信息披露、合同规模、关联度、系统重要性金融机构等方面预防系统性违约,以落实金融安全原则。我国金融法应当以违约预防制度弥补违约责任制度的不足,将违约预防制度纳入金融法的合同制度,并从体系化、民事责任等诸方面予以完善。

The breach of contract should be dealt with by the system of liability for breach of contract.However,financial law often prohibits breach of contract and avoids applying the above system,but instead uses public law measures to punish or remedy breach of contract.The system of liability for breach of contract has limitations and is unable to cope with systemic breaches and the resulting contagiousness in the financial sector.The application of the system may trigger and aggravate systemic risks.The Financial Law has established a breach prevention system to prevent systemic breaches and implement financial security principles in such aspects as performance reserve,capital adequacy ratio,leverage ratio,liquidity,information disclosure,contract size,relevance,and systemically important financial institutions.The Chinese financial law should incorporate the breach prevention system into the financial contract system to make up for the defects in the system of liability for breach of contract,and improve the breach prevention system in such aspects as systemization,civil liability system,etc.