英美非法证据排除的中间上诉制度初探

The System of Interlocutory Appeals Relating to the Exclusion of Illegally Obtained Evidence in UK and US

英美法设有中间上诉制度审查证据的可采性问题。中间上诉有助于及时纠正错误的证据裁定,节省司法资源,保障最终裁判结果的准确性。按照平等武装和公正审判原则,控辩双方都应有权提起中间上诉。同时,为了控制上诉数量、提高审查质量,英美的中间上诉基本采用裁量型上诉和上诉许可制,并设置了严格的上诉条件。当事人首先应向法院申请上诉许可,法院经审查认为符合上诉条件并具有合理理由的,才会批准上诉许可并启动听审程序。法院经中间上诉所作的裁决具有终局效力。研判中间上诉的制度功能,详述上诉程序的具体建构,能凸显"尽早发现、尽早排除"非法证据的重要意义。我国"以审判为中心"的改革为引入中间上诉制度提供了探索空间,但中间上诉不能造成滥用诉权和诉讼拖延,不能危及审判的中心地位。

The UK and US both have established the interlocutory appeal system to review verdicts on the admissibility of evidence.Interlocutory appeals are conducive to correcting wrongful verdicts,saving judicial resources and ensuring the accuracy of judgments.In accordance with the principles of equality of arms and fair trial,both parties should have the right to file interlocutory appeals.In order to control the number of appeals and enhance the quality of interlocutory reviews,the UK and US adopt the systems of discretionary appeal and the requirement of leave to appeal,and set high thresholds for interlocutory appeals.The court can approve an application for the leave to appeal and hear the case only if it meets the necessary conditions.Interlocutory verdicts are final.Studying the functions of interlocutory appeals and analyzing their constructions serve to highlight the importance of the exclusion of illegally obtained evidence as early as possible.China's“trial-centered”reform can offer room for the exploration of the interlocutory appeals and provide supportive mechanisms.However,interlocutory appeals should never cause the abuse of right or delay of proceedings,or jeopardize the central position of trial.