印度科技外交模式、特点和启示

India's Science and Technology Diplomacy:Characteristics and Lessons Learned

科技对国际关系的作用和影响可以追溯到18世纪,以科技为内容的国际合作经历了技术扩散期、技术援助期、技术转移期、国际科技合作期和科技外交期。科技外交是21世纪科技和国际关系持续发生作用的新概念,包括"服务外交的科技合作"以及"服务科技合作的外交",具有外交功能和创新功能。本文重点研究分析科技外交的外交功能,以为改善中印关系提供参考。对于如何推动中印科技外交,本文通过研究分析印度科技外交的模式与特点得出以下几点启示:一是如果实施针对南亚地区的公共治理和技术援助,将会满足印度维护国家安全、稳定南亚的需求,并推进中国"一带一路"倡议在南亚的发展;二是如果积极推进中印低技术领域的技术转移和社会民生领域的技术协同,将会受到印度官方和民间的欢迎,有助于改善两国关系;三是印度具有通过科技人员交流改善外交关系的经验和基础,将其应用到中印关系治理中将能够增进两国人民的理解和互信,可为加强两国关系提供民众基础。

The role and impact of science and technology on international relations can be traced back to the 18^th century.International cooperation around science and technology went through numerous phases:technological expansion;technological assistance;technology transfer;International science and technology cooperation;and science and technology diplomacy.Science and technology diplomacy is a new concept that has played a role in international relations in the 21^st Century.It includes science and technology cooperation as a component of diplomacy,stressing the role of diplomacy;and science&technology diplomacy as a component of cooperation,stressing the role of innovation.The focus of this article is on the former,with the objective of offering suggestions for the enhancement of ChinaIndia relations.Through analysis of India’s modality for and characteristics of its science and technology diplomacy,it distills several lessons relevant to the promotion of China-India technology diplomacy.First if technical assistance and public governance are enhanced for the South Asia region,this will meet India’s needs with respect to maintaining state security and regional stability,while also advancing the development of China’s Belt and Road Initiative in South Asia.Second,if low level technology transfer is promoted between China and India and if synergies can be found at the societal level,this will be welcomed by both the Indian government and public,and will help enhance relations between the two countries.Third,India has experienced strengthening diplomatic relations through scientific exchanges,and if this can be used within the context of China-India relations,this will function to enhance mutual understanding and trust between the people of the two countries,and further offer a level of public support for strengthening state-to-state ties.