云南普洱可食用棠梨花的民族植物学初步研究

Preliminary ethnobotanical study on edible “Tangli” flower( genus Pyrus) in Puer,Yunnan

云南拥有独特的食花文化,蕴藏着丰富的食花资源与传统知识。棠梨花是云南分布最广、最为常见的食用花资源之一,是民间对可食用蔷薇科梨属(Pyrus)植物花的统称,其具体涉及的物种以及民间利用知识与现状尚待研究阐明。该研究在文献研究基础上,初步选择云南省普洱市的思茅区和墨江县,在棠梨花采集旺季,开展了民族植物学调查,包括标本采集与鉴定、集市调查与半结构式访谈。结果表明:(1)该地区食用棠梨花来自三种野生梨属植物,即川梨(P. pashia)、杜梨(P. betulifolia)和无毛川梨(P. pashia var. kumaoni),其中川梨利用频率最高。(2)棠梨花在集市上早春野生蔬菜中比重高,在当地和外地同时显示了很大的市场潜力。(3)当地民族在棠梨花的采后处理与加工方式上,具有高度的一致性。(4)食用理由主要包括清热、应季和无污染。该研究阐明了可食用棠梨花的物种、相关传统知识与利用现状,为棠梨花的资源价值与影响力评估提供了参考,为进一步探讨食花的文化因素与生理学意义提供了基础。

Yunnan is famous for its floriphagia culture,and the correlated traditional knowledge is crucial for edible flower resource exploration.“Tangli”flower,a general and collective name for a group of popular medicinal edible flowers in Yunnan Province,belongs to genus Pyrus.Information on which Pyrus species are used and how to use is left unknown.In this study,based on literatures review,we conducted field and peak season market survey,voucher specimen collection and semi-structure interview for wild edible“Tangli”flower in Simao District and Mojiang County of Puer City in Yunnan Province,which is one of the most productive areas for“Tangli”.The results were as follows:(1)The edible“Tangli”flower involved three Pyrus taxa,they were P.pashia,P.pashia var.kumaoni and P.betulifolia,amongst which P.pashia was the most frequently used.(2)“Tangli”flower buds composed a prominent part of the early spring wild edible collections and showed notable potential in both local and external markets.(3)Informants from different ethnic groups practice the post-harvest treatment and preparation had high consistency.(4)Heat-clearing,adapt to the season alternation and contamination free were listed as the most specific aims for eating“Tangli”flowers.This study provides references for taxonomic information on the“Tangli”flowers,traditional knowledge on their process and uses,and for estimation of resource value and influence,flowers for a wider market and to a value-added product,and provides physiological significance and cultural issue of edible flowers as well.