结构设计竞赛中碰撞冲击下梁式结构设计与模型制作

The Design and Model Making of Girder Structure Under Impact in Structural Design Competition

结构设计竞赛可以培养学生的实践创新、团队协作和动手能力。以浙江省第十四届大学生结构设计竞赛为背景,介绍绍兴文理学院元培学院参赛作品的设计及制作过程。该届竞赛赛题要求设计与制作符合加载条件的梁式结构模型,模拟实际工程中桥梁在遭受不可预计的侧向力冲击时的受力及变形情况,荷载包括竖向静载与侧向碰撞冲击荷载;模型设计方案的制定需在满足承载能力和抗冲击能力的前提下尽可能减小模型质量,充分利用结构本身特性,优化构件设计。根据赛题要求初步确定梁式结构模型设计思路,并用有限元软件建模进行分析计算,制作模型并进行加载实验来验证,进行结构模型优化设计,保证结构模型的强度和刚度满足要求,取得更好的设计效果。

Structural design competitions help cultivate students'practical innovation,teamwork and practical ability.Under the background of the 14 th Structure Design Competition for College Students in Zhejiang province,this paper introduces the design and production process of the work of College of Yuanpei,Shaoxing University.The competition required the design and production of a girder structure model in line with loading conditions to simulate the stress and deformation of the bridge under unpredictable lateral force impact in practical engineering.The load includes both vertical static load and lateral impact load;The formulation of the model design scheme should reduce the model quality as much as possible on the premise of meeting the bearing capacity and impact resistance capacity,make full use of the characteristics of the structure itself,and optimize the component design.According to the requirements of the competition,the design idea of the girder structure model was preliminarily determined,and the finite element software modeling was used for analysis and calculation.The model was made and verified by loading experiments.The optimization design of the structure model was carried out to ensure that the strength and stiffness of the structure model should meet the requirements and achieve better design results.In addition,the paper introduces the method of handwork detail processing in the process of model making.