动物辅助疗法:基于人与动物关系的社会工作机制

Animal Assisted Therapy: Social Work Models Based on Companionships

在社会工作实践中,社会工作者基于动物与人的互动成效,以陪伴为切入点,将动物所具备的天赋和情感融入到服务人类的过程中,为人们提供情感支持、心理治疗以及技能发展服务,让人们在有动物参与的服务过程中实现身心的治愈和发展。根据动物在服务人类过程中的作用,社会工作者探索出了动物辅助支持、动物辅助治疗、动物辅助发展等模式,形成了亲近测试、动物筛选、照料学习、触摸与陪伴、委身融入、自我释放与表达、疗效评估与脱离等实施过程。社会工作者在具体运用动物辅助疗法的过程中,一方面可以综合运用耐心保持、灵性教导、隐喻性动物故事、应激识别与处理等技巧,另一方面要提升相应的陪伴力、扶助力、开启力、康复力和安抚力,同时要增强相应的文化和伦理敏感度。

In exploring ways of communicating with their clients,social work practitioners learn from animals and achieve physical and mental healing and development by involving animals as companions.Based on the role of animals in the service process,practitioners explore the models of animal assisted support,animal assisted treatment and animal assisted development,and formulate the implementation procedure of intimacy testing,animal screening,attending skill training,touching and companionship,commitment integration,self-release and expression,and curative effect evaluation and disengagement.In the specific application of animal assisted therapy,practitioners can combine the skills of patience sustaining,spiritual teaching,metaphorical animal stories,and stress recognition and processing.On the other hand,it is also necessary for practitioners to improve their own competence in companioning,assisting,inspiring,healing and soothing their clients,and to enhance their cultural and ethical sensitivity.