霸姬盘铭文与西周誓制

The Inscription of the Ba Ji Pan-basin and the Oath System of the Western Zhou Dynasty

霸姬盘(M2002︰5)、霸姬盉(M2002︰23)皆出于山西翼城大河口墓地M2002。盉作鸟形,盖内有铭文,其资料一经刊布[1],即有不少学者撰文讨论。彼时,学者或将鸟形盉称作气盉[2]。后又于同墓所出盘上发现长铭,其铭不仅可与鸟形盉铭对读,且内容更为完整。大河口墓地M2002发掘报告公布了盘、盉的全部资料[3]。报告所录盘、盉释文基本采用严志斌等学者的意见,相关的研究论作也已发表[4]。我们对盘、盉的定名及部分铭文的隶定、释读有一些不同的认识,兹不揣谫陋,敬请识者批评。

The owner of the bronze pan-basin and he-pitcher bearing long inscriptions unearthed from the burial M2002 of the Dahekou Cemetery in Yicheng County,Shanxi was Ba Ji,so they should be called as Ba Ji Pan-basin and Ba Ji He-pitcher.These two bronze vessels were cast as a set,which was related to the assemblages of the water vessels in the ritual vessel system.By reading the inscriptions of these two vessels referring to each other,we know that they recorded the event that Ba Ji’s retainers had ever escaped to Qi’s place,Duke Mu had ordered Qi to return them to Ba Ji,but Qi refused;therefore,Ba Ji accused Qi to Duke Mu and finally Qi made oaths and promised to obey Duke Mu’s order;Ba Ji won the suit and made these vessels in memory of this event.The words“shi yue(the oath says)”,“bao jue shi(judging that oath)”,“ze shi(confirming and recording the oath)”,“zeng jue shi(increasing or intensifying the oath)”are related to the procedure of the ceremony of making oath in the Western Zhou Dynasty;the punishment means of whipping,fining and exiling noted in the inscriptions enriched our knowledge on the punishment system of the Western Zhou Dynasty.